最新刊期
- 摘要：In the present study, we incorporated nanocellulose-based transparent high-strength materials into undergraduate education by designing comprehensive experiments, including the synthesis of nanocellulose, fabrication of films, and characterization testing, providing students with practical experience in green and sustainable polymeric materials, strengthening their understanding of innovative material design and development, and also matching the national development policy. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) dispersions were prepared through pre-oxidation experiments, followed by the fabrication of CNF films via solution casting and hot press processing. The present study investigated the effects of NaClO content and its drop rate on the optical and mechanical properties of CNF films. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of CNFs were performed using infrared spectroscopy and conductometric titration, respectively. Structure characterization and properties testing experiments were conducted using atomic force microscopes, universal testing machines, and UV-Vis spectrophotometers. The integrated experiments including CNFs synthesis, film processing and fabrication, characterization of nanofiber structures and investigation of the properties. The present study combines both scientific research and practical value, which is incorporated into the “Frontiers in Polymer Science” course offered to senior undergraduate students, helping to stimulate students' interest in scientific research and cultivate their academic thinking and innovative abilities.关键词：Experiments of undergraduate students;Green polymeric materials;Nanocellulose;Transmittance;Mechanical properties12|20|0更新时间：2026-10-29
- 摘要：Hydrocarbon separation represents a core process in the petroleum industry, currently dominated by energy-intensive fractionation technologies. Pressure-driven membrane separation offers an energy-efficient alternative for separating liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Polyimide (PI) asymmetrical membranes fabricated via phase inversion demonstrate considerable potential for hydrocarbon separation, yet inadequate selectivity and durability limit their applicability. To address this, thermal-induced structural reconstruction was applied to asymmetrical PI membranes, which induces thermochemical reactions that form interchain crosslinked networks. Concurrently, segmental relaxation at elevated temperatures leads to pore shrinkage and skin-layer densification, collectively enhancing hydrocarbon selectivity and durability. Crucially, a reduced heating rate during thermal reconstruction enables complete imide ring-opening reactions. The resultant crosslinked network suppresses chain relaxation and confines excessive pore closure, manifesting a self-confined effect that forms an ultrathin selective layer with high crosslinking density. This structural breakthrough significantly enhances both permeance and separation factors for hydrocarbon mixtures. For membranes reconstructed at 330 oC and 340 oC, the pure toluene permeance reaches 0.51 and 0.10 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, with toluene/1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB, 204 Da) separation factors of 11.6 and 26.4, respectively. Such performance metrics are comparable to state-of-the-art hydrocarbon-separation membranes. The membranes exhibit exceptional long-term stability and efficiently separate the synthetic crude oil, demonstrating substantial industrial potential for liquid hydrocarbon separation.关键词：polyimide,asymmetrical membranes,thermal reconstruction,hydrocarbon separation93|0|0更新时间：2026-09-04
- 摘要：Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have broad application prospects in fields such as soft robots, flexible actuators, and artificial muscles due to their characteristics of large deformability, fast response speed, and good flexibility. The electromechanical coupling performance of DE is sensitive to environmental factors, among which humidity can change the dielectric properties, shear modulus, and viscous damping characteristics of the material, thereby affecting its deformation response and stability process. For this purpose, this article establishes a viscoelastic dielectric elastic force electric coupling analysis model considering the influence of humidity. This model is based on the Kelvin Voigt Maxwell rheological model to describe the creep and relaxation behavior of materials, and combined with the Gent model to characterize the strain-stiffening behavior at large strains of dielectric elastomers. Through numerical simulation, the system analyzed the effects of humidity, pre tension ratio, DC voltage, and cyclic loading time scale on the dynamic response of viscoelastic dielectric elastomers. The results indicate that an increase in humidity will increase the total tensile and inelastic tensile strength of the dielectric elastomer, and prolong the time for the system to reach a steady state; The increase in pre stretching ratio and DC voltage will further enhance the electro deformation response. The spring branches exhibit obvious viscoelastic relaxation characteristics, while the dashpot response is significantly affected by the cyclic time scale. This study can provide theoretical reference for the structural design and performance optimization of dielectric elastomer actuators in humid environments.关键词：dielectric elastomer, viscoelasticity, humidity, KVM model, force electric coupling33|0|0更新时间：2026-09-04
- 摘要：Developing polymers that combine renewable feedstocks with closed-loop chemical recyclability is important for a circular plastics economy. Bicyclic lactones are promising monomers for constructing chemically recyclable polyesters because they can offer favorable ring-opening polymerizability while retaining the potential for depolymerization. However, the scope of biomass-derived bicyclic lactones and their polymerization chemistry remains limited. Herein, the biomass-derived bicyclic lactone 2-oxo-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (ODO) was synthesized from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid, and a bifunctional (thio)urea/alkoxide system was developed for its ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The combination of thiourea TU1 and potassium methoxide (I1) enabled rapid ROP of ODO at room temperature, affording PODO with high end-group fidelity and a number-average molecular weight of up to 57.8 kg/mol. Structural and thermal characterization revealed that PODO is an amorphous polyester with a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 29.6 °C and a temperature at 5% mass loss (Td,5%) of 269 °C. Following alcoholysis pretreatment, PODO could be further depolymerized under MgCl2 catalysis and reduced pressure upon heating to recover ODO. The recovered monomer was directly repolymerized without further purification, thereby completing a monomer-polymer-monomer closed loop. This work provides an organocatalytic approach for developing bio-based polyesters with closed-loop chemical recyclability.关键词：Bio-based polyester;Bicyclic lactone;Ring-opening polymerization;Organocatalysis;Chemical recycling64|0|0更新时间：2026-09-01
- 摘要：Polymer-based fibrous filtration materials are widely used, however, the development of high-temperature filtration application using engineering thermoplastics are limited by the difficulty of wet spinning and fiber refinement. In this paper, a nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning using the high performance engineering polymer polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), which can be dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. And the regulation laws of the fiber diameter and morphology were investigated, as well as its characteristics for high temperature filtration application. The study shows that: the average diameter of the fiber can be refined to 87 nm, the pore size of the fiber membrane can be reduced to 293 nm, and the tensile strength can reach 7.77 MPa; the fiber membrane shows excellent filtration performance with the filtration efficiency of higher than 99.9% at a thickness of 6 μm; the fiber membrane maintains a good morphological structure, force, thermal properties, and high-temperature air filtration properties at 300 °C.关键词：Polyetherketoneketone;Electrospinning;Nanofiber;high temperature321|12|0更新时间：2025-03-12
- 摘要：Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides can boast 100% atomic economy, and it is considered an up-and-coming method for CO2 utilization. However, the need for harsh reaction conditions presents a significant challenge. This study addresses this issue by successfully preparing the cellulose-supported ionic liquid as a porous catalyst (PPCIL) via the reaction of allyl cellulose ether (AHP-cellulose) and vinyl imidazolium bromide ([VPIM]Br). The catalytic activity of PPCIL was thoroughly investigated. It was found that end epoxides with small-sized substituents such as epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, and propylene oxide, can be completely converted to corresponding carbonates over PPCIL at 80 °C and 0.1 MPa. When the temperature rose to 100 °C, PPCIL also revealed good catalytic activity towards end epoxides with larger size such as allyl glycidyl ether and styrene oxide. PPCIL can effectively activate the CO2 and epoxy substrates, and potential reaction mechanisms were proposed. Notably, PPCIL demonstrated high catalytic activity even after being recycled for five times, maintaining a yield of 88.5% and a selectivity of 98%. In summary, this study offers an effective strategy for heterogenizing ionic liquids for catalytic activation CO2 to cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.关键词：CO2;Ionic liquids;Cellulose modification;Porous catalyst449|17|0更新时间：2025-03-12
- 摘要：As high-water absorption and high-water retention polymers, hydrogels are widely used in many fields such as smart materials, water absorption materials, drug delivery, slow release, skin dressings, and biomedicine. However, the traditional hydrogels like polyacrylamide (PAAm) have the limitation of low mechanical strength and poor stability, which greatly limits the development of hydrogels. The commonly used methods to increase the strength of hydrogels include the construction of double-network structure hydrogels, the introduction of chemical groups to modify hydrogels, the introduction of nanoparticles to form nanocomposite hydrogels, and so on. In this work, the mechanical properties of PAAm hydrogels are mainly improved by introducing hydrophilic silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The results show that SiO2 nanoparticles, as multi-functional crosslinking agents, are physically adsorbed or chemically bonded into the hydrogel matrix to enhance the 3D network structure of the hydrogel. In addition, hydrogen bonds formed between the silicon hydroxyl group on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles and the amide group on the polymer chain, which increases the crosslinking density of the hydrogel and greatly improves the compression performance. The SiO2 nanoparticles are hydrophilic, which will increase the water absorption of the composite hydrogel and increase the swelling rate, but the swelling rate will decrease due to the limitation of the three-dimensional mesh of the hydrogel. The energy storage modulus of composite hydrogels will gradually increase due to the denser three-dimensional mesh structure, but the loss modulus will increase due to the increase of internal structure friction, but also because of the denser mesh, the increase of loss modulus will be limited. In general, the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles has a certain significance for improving the viscoelasticity of hydrogels.关键词：Acrylamide;SiO2 nanoparticles;Composite hydrogel;Viscoelasticity1849|1|0更新时间：2025-03-07
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Direct Solid State Polymerization and Structural Properties of High Heat Resistant Copolyamide PA56T
摘要：To address the issues of diamine volatilization, low yield, and difficulty in increasing molecular weight during the direct solid state polymerization (DSSP) of high-temperature-resistant polyamides, this study first used dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to react with excess 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HMDA) to prepare diamides diamines 5T5 and 6T6. Then, 5T5 and 6T6 were reacted with terephthalic acid (PTA) to form different compositions of 5T5T/6T6T mixed salts. Finally, a series of high-viscosity, high-temperature-resistant copolyamides PA56T were successfully synthesized through direct solid state polymerization from the mixed salts. The structure and properties of PA56T were systematically investigated using FTIR, NMR, DSC, and TGA. The results indicate that using diamides diamines as amide salts can effectively prevent the volatilization of diamines during the direct solid-state polymerization process, thereby significantly improving the yield, molecular weight, and quality of the high-temperature-resistant copolyamides. By changing the composition, the comprehensive properties of the copolyamide PA56T can be effectively regulated. Its melting point (Tm) first decreases and then increases with the increase in 6T content. Copolymerization enhances the thermal stability of the high-temperature-resistant polyamides. The copolymer PA56T-40, with 40 mol% 6T content exhibits excellent comprehensive properties, with a melting point (Tm) of 310 °C, a 5 wt% weight loss temperature (Td5) of 440 °C, and a tensile strength of 95.2 MPa.关键词：High heat resistant polyamide;Copolyamide;Diamide diamine;Direct solid state polymerization;Mechanical property1573|0|1更新时间：2025-03-07 - 摘要：Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has become a pivotal engineering material due to its unique combination of elasticity and processability. Recent research has focused on elucidating the structure-property relationship to guide high-performance TPU design. This study innovatively explores the impact of segment sequence length on material performance through a systematic synthesis strategy. Using pre-polymerization and chain extension techniques, we developed a series of hydrazide-based TPU elastomers with identical hard/soft segment ratios but varying sequence lengths. Characterization results reveal that extending the sequence lengths induces two critical structural modifications: enhanced microphase separation between hard and soft domains, and optimized hierarchical hydrogen bonding networks. These structural changes collectively elevate material performance, with long-sequence TPUs exhibiting a 50% increase in tensile strength (from 50 MPa to 80 MPa), and significantly higher flow temperatures (ΔT >45 °C) compared to short-sequence counterparts. Notably, stress relaxation tests demonstrate that extended sequences increase the relaxation time significantly, indicating superior dimensional stability. The performance enhancements stem from the dual reinforcement mechanism: microphase separation creates robust physical crosslinks while hierarchical hydrogen bonds enable energy dissipation. This sequence engineering approach provides a paradigm shift from traditional composition-focused design to topological structure optimization, offering a viable pathway for developing TPUs that simultaneously satisfy conflicting requirements of mechanical robustness and processing efficiency in industrial applications.关键词：Thermoplastic polyurethane;Elastomer;Sequence length;Hydrogen bond;Mechanical properties1718|0|0更新时间：2025-03-07
- 摘要：Lewis bases are frequently employed as polar modifiers to enhance the 1,2-selectivity of butadiene anionic polymerization. In this work, we report four novel N,O-bidentate Lewis bases bearing different alkyl substituents: 1-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidine (MOD 1), 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)piperidine (MOD 2), 1-(2-propoxyethyl)piperidine (MOD 3), and 1-(2-butoxyethyl)piperidine (MOD 4). A comparative study was conducted between these newly synthesized polar modifiers and five commonly used, previously reported modifiers, focusing on their effects on the anionic polymerization of butadiene. Additionally, we investigated how the dosage of various modifiers and the polymerization temperature influence the polymerization behavior. The results show that the newly designed N,O-bidentate polar modifiers can achieve a high degree of 1,2-structural regulation in polybutadiene at relatively low dosage levels. Their regulatory effectiveness remains stable across different polymerization temperatures, demonstrating both high efficiency and excellent stability.关键词：Anionic polymerization;Polar modifiers;Butadiene;Microstructure1340|0|0更新时间：2025-03-07
- 摘要：Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides can boast 100% atomic economy, and it is considered an up-and-coming method for CO2 utilization. However, the need for harsh reaction conditions presents a significant challenge. This study addresses this issue by successfully preparing the cellulose-supported ionic liquid as a porous catalyst (PPCIL) via the reaction of allyl cellulose ether (AHP-cellulose) and vinyl imidazolium bromide ([VPIM]Br). The catalytic activity of PPCIL was thoroughly investigated. It was found that end epoxides with small-sized substituents such as epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, and propylene oxide, can be completely converted to corresponding carbonates over PPCIL at 80 °C and 0.1 MPa. When the temperature rose to 100 °C, PPCIL also revealed good catalytic activity towards end epoxides with larger size such as allyl glycidyl ether and styrene oxide. PPCIL can effectively activate the CO2 and epoxy substrates, and potential reaction mechanisms were proposed. Notably, PPCIL demonstrated high catalytic activity even after being recycled for five times, maintaining a yield of 88.5% and a selectivity of 98%. In summary, this study offers an effective strategy for heterogenizing ionic liquids for catalytic activation CO2 to cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.关键词：CO2;Ionic liquids;Cellulose modification;Porous catalyst1573|0|0更新时间：2025-03-03
- 摘要：Polymer-based fibrous filtration materials are widely used, however, the development of high-temperature filtration application using engineering thermoplastics are limited by the difficulty of wet spinning and fiber refinement. In this paper, a nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning using the high performance engineering polymer polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), which can be dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. And the regulation laws of the fiber diameter and morphology were investigated, as well as its characteristics for high temperature filtration application. The study shows that: the average diameter of the fiber can be refined to 87 nm, the pore size of the fiber membrane can be reduced to 293 nm, and the tensile strength can reach 7.77 MPa; the fiber membrane shows excellent filtration performance with the filtration efficiency of higher than 99.9% at a thickness of 6 μm; the fiber membrane maintains a good morphological structure, force, thermal properties, and high-temperature air filtration properties at 300 °C.关键词：Polyetherketoneketone;Electrospinning;Nanofiber;high temperature1572|0|1更新时间：2025-03-03
- 摘要：Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) is flammable, its polymerization process is complicated and the period is long. In this paper, a flame retardant monomer NB-DOPO were designed and synthesized by introducing 9, 10-dihydro9-oxaze-10-phosphoxene-10-oxide (DOPO) into the norbornene. This monomer can be copolymerized with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) by frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) to prepare the PDCPD/NB-DOPO copolymers with intrinsic flame retardant properties. The effects of the introduction of NB-DOPO on the FROMP process and the dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, mechanical properties as well as the flame-retardant properties of the copolymers were studied. On that basis, the possible flame retardant mechanism of the PDCPD/NB-DOPO copolymer was explored further. The results indicated that NB-DOPO could copolymerize with DCPD randomly, and thus the frontal polymerization velocity of the copolymerization was reduced. According to this, a controllable FROMP was achieved while maintaining a high curing degree of the material. When the content of NB-DOPO was below 10%, the introduction of NB-DOPO with high ring tension promoted the formation of cross-linking points in the system, reduced the molecular weight of cross-linking points (Mc), and enhanced the storage modulus and mechanical properties of the copolymer; When the concentration of NB-DOPO reached 30%, the cross-linking density of PDCPD/NB-DOPO declined, the rigid structures in the NB-DOPO acted as physical cross-linking points, hence the mechanical properties of the material could be kept at a high level accompanied by a markedly enhanced flame retardancy, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the material was increased by 38% in comparison to that of PDCPD, that material exhibited superior comprehensive properties.关键词：Polydicyclopentadiene;Frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization;Intrinsic flame retardant;Random copolymerization;Crosslinking density1595|0|0更新时间：2025-03-03
- 摘要：Covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) are a class of two-dimensional layered materials with exceptional properties. The inherent features of COF materials, such as pre-designable periodic structures, atomic-level precision, tunable functionality, excellent thermal stability, permanent porosity, and ultralow density, endow CONs with significant potential for further development. However, challenges such as low exfoliation efficiency of COF nanosheets and poor size controllability complicate membrane fabrication processes. In this study, a liquid-phase exfoliation method was employed to prepare pyridine-based COF nanosheets (TpBpy-CON) and assemble them into COF membranes (TpBpy-COM). COF powders were exfoliated under mild conditions to obtain size-controllable TpBpy-CON. The resulting COF nanosheets exhibited high aspect ratios, specific surface areas, and porosity. Subsequently, the nanosheets were assembled into COF membranes using vacuum-assisted techniques. The fabricated TpBpy-COM demonstrated a compact membrane surface structure and excellent H2/CO2 gas separation performance.关键词：Liquid-Phase Exfoliation;Covalent organic frameworks;Nanosheet Assembly;Gas Molecular Sieving1803|0|0更新时间：2025-02-24
- 摘要：Introducing cutting-edge science and technology into undergraduate experiment teaching has become one of the trends of education reform in colleges and universities. As a new manufacturing technology, photocuring 3D printing shows good application value in polymer material field. In terms of biomedical materials, 3D printing is used to design and prepare 3D repair materials that are identical or similar to the damaged tissue area of the patient to achieve precision and personalized medicine. Combined with the biomedical characteristics, the school has implemented a designing experiment teaching project themed on 3D printing polymer medical materials, which provided students with a platform of independent learning and practicing. In this study, the photosensitive materials methacrylamide-modified gelatin (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) were light-cured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology to prepare three-dimensional network hydrogel scaffolds. The printed samples had complete structure and interconnected channels, and their pore size was consistent with the 3D model. The effects of space structure and material formula on the properties of hydrogel scaffolds were analyzed. The results showed that the GelMA-PEGDA hydrogel with three-dimensional network and 500 μm pore size had good mechanical property, swelling behavior, and stability. This designing experiment involved an integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, which not only brought a novel teaching experience for teachers and students, but also provided a new idea for the training of innovative talents.关键词：3D printing;Polymer material;Photosensitive material;Hydrogel;Designing experiment707|52|0更新时间：2024-03-11
- 摘要：“Polymer surface(interface) adsorption” is an important component of the polymer surface and interface chapter in Polymer Physics teaching. It is related to the preparation of polymer composite materials, colloid stability, wastewater treatment, life systems, and many other fields involving the adsorption of macromolecules on the surface(interface), with important theoretical and practical significance. In order to improve undergraduate students' understanding of the phenomenon of polymer surface(interface) adsorption, this article proposes to start from the single molecule level and display the two-dimensional diffusion motion of polymer single chains on the surface(interface) observed in scientific research. By introducing vivid examples, the "adsorption-diffusion-desorption" dynamic model is explained to help students clarify the molecular mechanism of the "polymer surface(interface) adsorption" process. It is essential for students to apply correct thinking in polymer physics to solve practical problems related to polymers by compensating for the lack of dynamic thinking in the learning process, highlighting the philosophical thinking of the movement of all things, and cultivating correct worldviews and methodologies.关键词：Polymer surface(interface) adsorption;Dynamics;Single molecule tracking498|36|0更新时间：2024-03-11
- 摘要：Phase transition theory and phase diagrams are essential but challenging topics in polymer physics courses. This paper provides supplementary and extended derivations of phase equilibrium for polymer blends found in typical polymer physics textbooks and presents a novel method for analyzing phase equilibrium in multi-component complex systems. This approach helps students to deepen their understanding of the underlying logical relationships in phase transition theory, and to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge in textbooks and practical research.关键词：Polymer blends;Phase equilibrium;Free energy;Chemical potential744|50|0更新时间：2024-03-11
- 摘要：The recycling process of waste polyester/cotton fabrics presents an enormous challenge due to a considerable quantity of waste, the intricate methodology and the minimal value of reused mixed products. The synergistic effect of citric acid and zinc chloride is utilized to effectively break cotton fibers while investigating the underlying mechanism of separation. By employing a concentration of 30% citric acid, 35% zinc chloride, a temperature of 90 ℃, and 3 hours, successful separation between polyester and cotton is achieved. The recovery rate of cellulose attains 84.1%, while retaining its crystalline structure characteristic of cellulose I. However, the degree of polymerization and crystallinity experience a decrease of 83.8% and 27.3%, respectively. Polyester fibers demonstrate a remarkable recovery rate of 97.8%, remaining largely undamaged throughout the separation process. The citric acid and zinc chloride acidolysis system can be recycled several times, enabling the separation and recovery of waste polyester/cotton blended fabrics.关键词：Waste polyester-cotton fabric;Separation;Cellulose;Citric Acid;zinc chloride809|59|0更新时间：2024-03-11
- 摘要：A eco-friendly epoxy emulsifier was synthesized from citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, polyethylene glycol and epoxy resin without catalyst. The aqueous epoxy emulsion was prepared by phase inversion method. The structure and particle size distribution of the emulsifier and emulsion were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, GPCand laser particle size analyzer. It was found that the emulsion have narrow particle size distribution and excellent stability. The waterborne epoxy coating was prepared with the aqueous epoxy emulsion. The performance and morphology of the coating were characterized using a thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurement instrument, and test the conventional performance and corrosiveness of the coating. The results show that the drying time of the waterborne epoxy coating is 20 minutes (surface dry) and 12 hours (solid dry), and the mechanical properties of the coating are excellent. The volatile organic compound (VOC) content is 22 g/L, and it exhibits excellent water resistance (1000 hours) and corrosion resistance (800 hours for neutral salt spray test).关键词：Emulsifier;Epoxy emulsion;Coating;Volatile organic compounds728|53|2更新时间：2024-03-11
- 摘要：The conformation of star comb-like polymer chains in dilute solutions were investigated using Brownian dynamics simulations. The results show that when the grafting density of the star comb-like chains is less than 0.2, the conformation is star-shaped. With the increase of the grafting density, the conformation gradually changes to spherical. In addition, the stretching factor can also better reflect the conformational transition from star to spherical shape. The length of the side chains less influences the stiffness of the star comb-like chain backbone, but its grafting density influences it more. As the length of side chains increases, the persistence length of side chains increases accordingly, but the relative rigidity strength decreases with the increase in side chain length. This paper reveals the relationship between conformation and molecular parameters of star comb-like polymers in dilute solutions, which helps to facilitate relevant characterization studies.关键词：Star comb-like polymers;Chain conformation;Brownian dynamics566|13|0更新时间：2024-03-11
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