聚乳酸熔融沉积3D打印件的层间界面增强研究进展

高霞; 黄诚祥; 孙得翔; 苏允兰; 陈锐

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251

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聚乳酸熔融沉积3D打印件的层间界面增强研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-11-03

- 聚乳酸熔融沉积3D打印件的层间界面增强研究进展
- Recent Advances of Enhancing Interlayer Bonding of Poly(lactic acid) Materials Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling
- 高分子学报 2026年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西南交通大学化学学院成都 610031
  2.中国科学院化学研究所北京 100190
  3.深圳光华伟业股份有限公司武汉 430200
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: gaoxia@swjtu.edu.cn
  ylsu@iccas.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-07-23，
  
  录用：2026-08-24，
  
  网络首发：2026-11-03，
- 稿件说明：
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高霞, 黄诚祥, 孙得翔, 苏允兰, 陈锐. 聚乳酸熔融沉积3D打印件的层间界面增强研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251.

Gao, X.; Huang, C. X.; Sun, D. X.; Su, Y. L.; Chen, R. Recent advances of enhancing interlayer bonding of poly(lactic acid) materials fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251.
高霞, 黄诚祥, 孙得翔, 苏允兰, 陈锐. 聚乳酸熔融沉积3D打印件的层间界面增强研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7721.

Gao, X.; Huang, C. X.; Sun, D. X.; Su, Y. L.; Chen, R. Recent advances of enhancing interlayer bonding of poly(lactic acid) materials fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26251. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7721.

摘要

作为熔融沉积成型(fused deposition modeling，FDM)技术应用最广泛的3D打印材料之一，聚乳酸(poly(lactic acid)，PLA)具有可再生、可降解、挤出流动性好、成型温度低和尺寸精度高等诸多优点. 然而，由于常压下逐层堆积的成型工艺，PLA打印件普遍存在结晶度低、层间结合不充分等问题，导致其力学性能低于传统注塑件、且呈现显著力学各向异性，严重制约了其作为承载结构件和功能部件的应用. 本综述从PLA材料本征特性与FDM成型工艺的匹配性出发，系统分析了PLA在熔融挤出、熔体沉积及冷却固化等关键阶段中的熔体流变行为、结晶特性及分子链互扩散与缠结行为，全面分析了PLA优异可打印性的内在机理. 进而，针对PLA层间结合薄弱问题，系统综述了近年来围绕层间界面增强所开展的系列研究，重点分析材料改性、打印工艺、外场辅助及后处理等增强策略对层间界面结构与性能的影响机制. 最后，展望了聚乳酸3D打印的未来发展方向，为高性能、智能化PLA材料与制件的设计提供参考.

Abstract

As one of the most widely accepted printing materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique

poly(lactic acid) (PLA) offers numerous advantages

including renewability

biodegradability

excellent flowability

low printing temperature

and high dimensional accuracy. However

due to the layer-by-layer process intrinsic for FDM process

3D-printed PLA parts tend to suffer from low crystallinity and poor interlayer bond quality

resulting in inferior and anisotropic mechanical properties compared to those of conventional injection-molded parts

which severely restricts their applications as load-bearing structural components and functional parts. This review

for the first time

focused on the adaptability of PLA materials to the FDM process from the material perspective

systematically analyzed their rheological behavior

crystallization characteristics

and molecular chain interdiffusion and entanglement of PLA during the key FDM sub-processes

including material extrusion

melt deposition

and interlayer bonding. In this regard

the excellent printability of PLA materials was thoroughly elucidated. Then

to address the interlayer bonding issue in PLA printing

this review presented a comprehensive overview of recent studies on bond interface enhancement

categorizing the main strategies into material modification

printing process optimization

external-field assistance and post-treatment

and discussing their effects on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties. Finally

we presented an outlook on future developments for PLA printing

providing a reference for the design of PLA materials and their components with excellent performances and functionality.

关键词

Keywords

references

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