Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions

Tai-Ren Wang; Zi-Yuan Zhang; Yan Tan; You-Ping Wu

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3841-0

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions

RESEARCH ARTICLE | 更新时间：2026-10-30

- Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions
- Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2026年44卷页码：1-10
- 作者机构：
  
  a.State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  b.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- 作者简介：
  
  wuyp@mail.buct.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  The authors declare no interest conflict.The data supporting the findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3841-0
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-06-14，
  
  录用：2026-08-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-30，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Wang, T. R.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Tan, Y.; Wu, Y. P. Effects of resins on the abrasion resistance of natural rubber composites under harsh service conditions. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3841-0

Tai-Ren Wang, Zi-Yuan Zhang, Yan Tan, et al. Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-10.
Wang, T. R.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Tan, Y.; Wu, Y. P. Effects of resins on the abrasion resistance of natural rubber composites under harsh service conditions. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3841-0 DOI：

Tai-Ren Wang, Zi-Yuan Zhang, Yan Tan, et al. Effects of Resins on the Abrasion Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites under Harsh Service Conditions[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-10. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3841-0.

摘要

Abstract

Tread wear of aircraft tires is governed by harsh service conditions and material composition

which directly affect their service life. However

insufficient understanding of abrasion mechanisms under harsh service conditions imposes restrictions on the design and preparation of rubber materials with high abrasion resistance and low heat build-up. In this study

coumarone resin (CMR) and two types of

tert

-octyl phenolic resins

namely resole (PR45) and novolac (PR68)

were introduced into natural rubber (NR) composites owing to their good compatibility with NR. To clarify the separate effects of large slip angle and high speed

the abrasion behavior of NR composites with different resins was evaluated under large-slip-angle abrasion (20° slip angle

2.5 km/h) and high-speed abrasion (5° slip angle

45 km/h) using a Laboratory Abrasion Tester 100 (LAT 100). The results showed that large-slip-angle abrasion was much more severe than high-speed abrasion

indicating that a large lateral force resulting from a large slip angle is much more detrimental to abrasion resistance than the surface temperature rise from high speed. Compared with CMR

both PR45 and PR68 improved the abrasion resistance of the NR composite under large-slip-angle conditions. The NR composite with PR68 also exhibited the lowest heat build-up among the three composites owing to its high cross-link density and uniform filler dispersion. Considering the abrasion resistance under a large slip angle and the overall performance

the PR68 composite exhibits great potential for extending the service life of aircraft tire treads.

关键词

Keywords

references

Shen, Z.; Wang, Q.; Li, P.; Li, X.; Li, F. Heat build-up and thermo-mechanical fatigue life optimizatio n of aircraft tire using deformation index concept. Int. J. Fatigue 2025 , 193 , 108815..

Zhang, Y.; Zhou, H.; Dong, H.; Chen, W.; Li, X.; Bai, C. The study on dynamic response analysis of aircraft tires under hard landing conditions. Eng. Fail. Anal. 2025 , 182 , 109992..

Wang, M.; Chen, X.; Lv, Y.; Huang, Y.; Li, G. Interactions between thermal oxidation and sliding friction on the aging and wear behavior of natural rubber nanocomposites. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2026 , 65 , 2800−2812..

Wu, J.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y.; Su, B.; Cui, Z.; Wang, D. Effect of temperature on wear performance of aircraft tire tread rubber. Polym. Test. 2019 , 79 , 106037..

Wang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Pei, X.; Wang, T.; Wang, Q. Abrasion and mixed sliding–rolling properties of polyisoprene-based tread rubber. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B 2022 , 61 , 1024−1045..

[Teng, F.; Wu, J.; Su, B.; Wang, Y. A cross-scale analysis of the high sliding friction mechanism of the tread rubb er under severe working conditions. Wear 2025 , 578 − 579 , 206144..

Teng, F.; Wu, J.; Su, B.; Wang, Y. High-speed tribological properties of eucommia ulmoides gum/natural rubber blends: experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. Tribol. Int. 2022 , 171 , 107542..

Li, N.; Sun, Y.; Yu, J.; Li, J. C.; Zhang, H. F.; Tsai, S. An empirical study on low emission taxiing path optimization of aircrafts on airport surfaces from the perspective of reducing carbon emissions. Energies 2019 , 12 , 19..

Shi, X.; Nie, H.; Zhang, M.; Gui, X.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, Y.; Hu, T. Kriging-assisted valid-screening optimization (KVSO) to study optimal steering strategies for multi-struts aircraft. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 2025 , 162 , 110157..

Nan, G.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, B.; Yang, S.; Hu, J. Dynamic analysis of the rod-traction system for ship-borne aircraft under high sea states. Aerospace 2026 , 13 , 107..

Roland, C. M. Naval applications of elastomers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2004 , 77 , 542−551..

Li, S.; Li, Y.; Zhang, B.; Jia, Z.; Gao, X.; Kou, L. Modeling and analysis of aircraft landing nonlinear dynamics for tire safety assessment. Int. J. Non Linear Mech. 2026 , 182 , 105309..

Cacciola, S.; Riboldi, C.; Generali, E. Optimization of airplane landing in crosswind conditions for minimum tire wear. Machines 2023 , 11 , 599..

Zhou, C.; Zhong, Q.; Mo, Y.; Liao, M.; Yao, X.; Li, J. Aircraft tire-flooded runway fluid-structure interaction simulation: hydroplaning characterization using the material point method. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 2026 , 169 , 111482..

[Chen, D.; Wu, J.; Wang, Y.; Su, B.; Liu, Y. High-speed tribology behaviors of aircraft tire tread rubber in contact with pavement. Wear 2021 , 486 − 487 , 204071..

[Chen, X.; Kong, Y.; Wang, M.; Huang, X.; Huang, Y.; Lv, Y.; Li, G. Wear and aging behavior of vulcanized natural rubber nanocomposites under high-s peed and high-load sliding wear conditions. Wear 2022 , 498 − 499 , 204341..

[Hu, Y.; Liang, Y.; Wang, X.; Ren, X.; Li, Y.; Tan, D.; He, Q. Influence of contact pressure on the thermo-chemical reactions and wear mechanisms of aircraft tire tread rubber under sliding friction. Wear 2025 , 578 − 579 , 205912..

[Chen, D.; Wu, J.; Su, B.; Cui, B.; Teng, F.; An, S.; Bai, Y.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y. Thermo-mechanical-abrasive coupling analysis of solid rubber tire under high-speed rolling. Wear 2023 , 512 − 513 , 204546..

Huang, Y.;Zhang, Z.; Zheng, C.; Wu, Y. Factors affecting abrasion resistance of aircraft tire tread material. Polymer 2026 , 354 , 129935..

Song, Y. H.; Zeng, L. B.; Zheng, Q. Understanding the reinforcement and dissipation of natural rubber compounds filled with hybrid filler composed of carbon black and silica. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 35 , 1436−1446..

Liu, H.; Huang, G. S.; Wei, L. Y.; Zeng, J.; Fu, X.; Huang, C.; Wu, J. R. Inhomogeneous natural network promoting strain-induced crystallization: a mesoscale model of natural rubber. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 37 , 1142−1151..

Nakatsuka, T.; Masunaga, H.; Tsuji, Y.; Numata, K. Strain-induced crystallization behaviors of natural rubber with additional lipids. Polymer 2025 , 332 , 128575..

Bernal-Ortega, P.; Gaillard, E.; van Elburg, F.; Blume, A. Use of hydrocarbon resins as an alternative to TDAE oil in tire tread compounds. Polym. Test. 2023 , 126 , 108168..

Vleugels, N.; Pille-Wolf, W.; Dierkes, W. K.; Noordermeer, J. W. M. Understanding the influence of oligomeric resins on traction and rolling resistance of silica-reinforced tire treads. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2015 , 88 , 65−79..

Shee, B.; Chanda, J.; Dasgupta, M.; Sen, A. K.; Bhattacharyya, S. K.; Das Gupta, S.; Mukhopadhyay, R. A study on hydrocarbon resins as an advanced material for performance enhancement of radial passenger tyre tread compound. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2022 , 139 , 51950..

Bernal-Ortega, P.; van Elburg, F.; Araujo-Morera, J.; Gojzewski, H.; Blume, A. Heading towards a fully sustainable tire tread compound: use of bio-based resins. Polym. Test. 2024 , 133 , 108406..

Weng, P.; Tang, Z.; Guo, B. Solving “magic triangle” of tread rubber composites with phosphonium-modified petroleum resin. Polymer 2020 , 190 , 122244..

LeBras, J. The reinforcement of rubber by resins. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1962 , 35 , 1308−1341..

Mohanty, T. R.; Ashidha, M.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Amarnath, S. Influence of oligomeric resins on natural rubber-carbon black-silica composites for tire tread application. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2024 , 130 , 278−296..

Indriasari; Noordermeer, J.; Dierkes, W. Incorporation of oligomeric hydrocarbon resins for improving the properties of aircraft tire retreads. Appl. Sci. 2021 , 11 , 9834..

Kujur, A. E.; Goswami, S. Effect of variation of biobased phenolic resin content in natural rubber blend on rheological, thermal and tribological properties. J. Elastomers Plast. 2025 , 57 , 346−367..

Chang, S.; Wang, X.; Zhang, G.; Zhao, F. G.; Pei, K.; Yang, X. Enabling phenolic resin toughening and heat resistant: tactics and recent advances. Polymer 2024 , 315 , 127782..

Choi, S. S.; Jang, J. H. Tack behaviours of p-t-octylphenol formaldehyde resin with rubber using a molecular simulation. Polymer 1998 , 39 , 5861−5866..

Valentín, J. L.; Carretero-González, J.; Mora-Barrantes, I.; Chassé, W.; Saalwächter, K. Uncertainties in the determination of cross-link density by equilibrium swelling experiments in natural rubber. Macromolecules 2008 , 41 , 4717−4729..

Kraus, G. Swelling of filler-reinforced vulcanizates. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1963 , 7 , 861−871..

Pöschl, M.; Sathi, S. G.; Stoček, R. A chemical interpretation for the post-reversion upturn in the natural rubber/accelerated sulfur system based on the viscoelastic propert ies and cross-link density measurements. Polym. Bull. 2024 , 81 , 12521−12541..

Nakason, C.; Jarnthong, M.; Kaesaman, A.; Kiatkamjornwong, S. Thermoplastic elastomers based on epoxidized natural rubber and high-density polyethylene blends: effect of blend compatibilizers on the mechanical and morphological properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008 , 109 , 2694−2702..

Lattimer, R. P.; Kinsey, R. A.; Layer, R. W.; Rhee, C. K. The mechanism of phenolic resin vulcanization of unsaturated elastomers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1989 , 62 , 107−123..

Payne, A. R. Effect of dispersion on the dynamic properties of filler-loaded rubbers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1965 , 9 , 2273−2284..

Seangyen, W.; Sringam, S.; Chanthanumatt, R.; Prapainainar, P.; Loykulnant, S.; Saeoui, P.; Seubsai, A.; Dittanet, P. Sustainable silica nanoparticles from jasmine rice husk as reinforcing fillers for natural rubber composites. ACS Omega 2026 , 11 , 28800−28816..

Wang, M. J. Effect of polymer-filler and filler-filler int eractions on dynamic properties of filled vulcanizates. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1998 , 71 , 520−589..

Zhang, Z.; Luan, Y.; Han, C.; Wu, S.; Wu, Y. Surface energy distribution of modified carbon black and interfacial interactions of filled rubber composites. Langmuir 2025 , 41 , 2796−2805..

Zhang, R.; Li, J.; Jerrams, S.; Hu, S.; Liu, L.; Wen, S.; Zhang, L. Constructing a fine dispersion and chemical interface based on an electrostatic self-assembly and aqueous phase compound in GO/SiO 2 /SBR composites to achieve high-wear resistance in eco-friendly green tires. Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 452 , 139113..

Wei, Q.; Huang, S.; Chen, W.; Liu, J.; Jiang, D. Fatigue temperature rise of nano-carbon filler reinforced rubber composites: a comprehensive review. Polym. Compos. 2026 , 47 , 2967−2994..

Chen, Z.; Yin, D.; Wang, X.; Liu, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, X. Synergistic enhancement of bio-based eucommia ulmoides gum nanocomposites through epoxidized natural rubber and silane coupling agent integration: advancements in high-performance engineering tires. J. Polym. Sci. 2025 , 63 , 3253−3261..

Haddadi, S. A.; Kardar, P.; Abbasi, F.; Mahdavian, M. Effects of nano-silica and boron carbide on the curing kinetics of resole resin. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2017 , 128 , 1217−1226..

[Zheng, S. X.; Lin, Y. J.; Lü, Z. FTIR studies on the change of functional groups of silica/phenolic resin hybrid materials with different degrees of cure. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese) 2008 , 10 , 979−984..

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

Multifunctional Hierarchical Coatings with Synergistic Anti-graffiti and Ultra-hardness Properties for NIR Shielding Energy-saving Windows

EFFECT OF NANOSILICA ON THE KINETICS OF CURE REACTION AND THERMAL DEGRADATION OF EPOXY RESIN

Sequence-encoded Conformation Pathways in Viscoelastic Microphase Separation of Multiblock Copolymers

2026-9 Contents

A Paradigm for BF3 Co-initiated Cationic Polymerization with Low Dispersity: Introducing Acetonitrile and Lowering the Reaction Temperature