Solid-additive-regulated Non-equilibrium Film Formation Enables Highly-efficient Green-solvent-printed Binary Organic Solar Cells and Solar Modules

Shan-Hua Zhang; Rui Sun; Zi-Cheng Xing; Jia-Wang Qiu; Lin-Yong Xu; Yu-Hao Liu; Tian-Rui Qu; Xin-Rong Yang; Jie Min

doi:10.1007/s10118-026-3838-8

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Solid-additive-regulated Non-equilibrium Film Formation Enables Highly-efficient Green-solvent-printed Binary Organic Solar Cells and Solar Modules

RESEARCH ARTICLE | 更新时间：2026-11-03

- Solid-additive-regulated Non-equilibrium Film Formation Enables Highly-efficient Green-solvent-printed Binary Organic Solar Cells and Solar Modules
- Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 44, Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  a.The Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  b.Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
  c.Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Application of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- 作者简介：
  
  sun.rui@whu.edu.cn (R.S.)
  min.jie@whu.edu.cn (J.M.)
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1007/s10118-026-3838-8
  CLC：
- Received：16 June 2026，
  
  Accepted：10 August 2026，
  
  Online First：02 November 2026，
  
  Published：2026-09
- 稿件说明：
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Zhang, S. H.; Sun, R.; Xing, Z. C.; Qiu, J. W.; Xu, L. Y.; Liu, Y. H.; Qu, T. R.; Yang, X. R.; Min, J. Solid-additive-regulated non-equilibrium film formation enables highly-efficient green-solvent-printed binary organic solar cells and solar modules. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3838-8

Shan-Hua Zhang, Rui Sun, Zi-Cheng Xing, et al. Solid-additive-regulated Non-equilibrium Film Formation Enables Highly-efficient Green-solvent-printed Binary Organic Solar Cells and Solar Modules[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-12.
Zhang, S. H.; Sun, R.; Xing, Z. C.; Qiu, J. W.; Xu, L. Y.; Liu, Y. H.; Qu, T. R.; Yang, X. R.; Min, J. Solid-additive-regulated non-equilibrium film formation enables highly-efficient green-solvent-printed binary organic solar cells and solar modules. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-026-3838-8 DOI：

Shan-Hua Zhang, Rui Sun, Zi-Cheng Xing, et al. Solid-additive-regulated Non-equilibrium Film Formation Enables Highly-efficient Green-solvent-printed Binary Organic Solar Cells and Solar Modules[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2026, 441-12. DOI： 10.1007/s10118-026-3838-8.

摘要

Abstract

The commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires a transition from laboratory-scale spin-coating to high-throughput

environmentally friendly printing technologies. However

rapid crystallization and non-equilibrium molecular assembly during green-solvent processing often induce disordered morphologies and severe efficiency losses. Here

we introduce two nonhalogenated solid additives

2-methoxynaphthalene (2-MN) and 2

7-dimethoxynaphthalene (2

7-MN)

to regulate crystallization kinetics and film formation in blade-coated OSCs processed from the green solvent

-xylene. Benefiting from its symmetric molecular structure and stronger intermolecular interactions

7-MN effectively prolongs the liquid-solid transition and suppresses premature aggregation

enabling the formation of a highly ordered bi-continuous interpenetrating network with optimized charge-transport pathways. As a result

green-solvent-processed OSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.19% with an exceptional fill factor of 81.52%. Notably

the morphology control enabled by 2

7-MN remains robust under high-speed coating (30 m·min

–1

)

maintaining efficiencies approaching 19%. Importantly

large-area modules (15.84 and

76.95 cm

) deliver impressive efficiencies of 16.80% and 15.71%

respectively

which are the highest values reported in green-solvent-processed OSCs so far. This work establishes solid-additive engineering as an effective strategy for controlling non-equilibrium film formation toward scalable and sustainable organic photovoltaics.

关键词

Keywords

references

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